Comparing some biomechanical abilities and artistic performance according to the daily biological rhythm, both in accordance with and inconsistent with certain floor movements in artistic gymnastics for college students

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the daily circadian rhythm patterns (morning, afternoon, night, and variations) of second-year students (2025-2026) at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Sulaimani. It also aimed to identify the level of technical performance and physical and motor abilities related to certain floor gymnastics movements for students with the morning and afternoon rhythm patterns, both those with and without the same rhythm. Furthermore, it sought to identify the differences between the two tests, conducted at the same and different times, for the morning and afternoon rhythm groups in terms of technical performance and physical and motor abilities. The researcher used a descriptive methodology with a causal comparison approach, appropriate to the nature of the research. The research population consisted of second-year students at the College of Physical Education, University of Sulaimani, totaling (63) students. The research sample was limited to (43) students. After determining the circadian rhythm patterns, (25) students were identified as having the morning rhythm pattern and (18) as having the afternoon rhythm pattern. The sample was measured in the study variables after ensuring the scientific validity of the tests and conducting a pilot study. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods to process the data and reached several conclusions, the most important of which are:* Participants with a morning biorhythm achieved better results in the agreed-upon assessment than those with a non-agreed-upon assessment in all variables under study.* The results of the two assessments for participants with a morning biorhythm differed in the variables of diving, explosive power, agility, and flexibility, favoring the agreed-upon morning standard