The History of Violent Extremism in Iraq: A Study of Roots, Dimensions, and Contemporary Transformation(1921-1958)

Abstract

Between the founding of the modern state in 1921 and the coup of July 14, 1958, Iraq witnessed profound political and social transformations that created fertile ground for the spread of violent extremism. The Iraqi state was established under the British occupation, where foreign powers imposed a fragile monarchy plagued by weak institutionsThis phase was embodied in repeated conflicts between forces opposing the monarchy, starting with the 1920 Revolution, which marked the beginning of popular rejection of foreign domination, through military coups in the 1930s and 1940s, such as Rashid Ali al-Gaylani's coup in 1941, which attempted to restore national sovereignty, and finally, the rise of diverse political activity between nationalist and communist parties, and labor movements. and internal power struggles.